Slang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slang - Essay Example Although there are no religious, cultural and economic inhibitions that may restrict its usage, the religiously conservative consider sex as being too serious to be described thus loosely. This phrase is mostly used by the youthful and in less formal settings and audience such as entertainment. Because of its heavy sexual connotations and denotation, the word is mostly used by the mature youth who are already sexually active. There are no class restrictions that may inhibit the use of this phrase but religious conservatives maintain reservations towards the word. This phrase has strong sexual denotations and connotations, thereby restricting it to the mature youth. Again, this group may use it exclusively as language register (keeping it away from those outside their social circles). This phrase cuts across all economic divides, but its usage is less popular among the ultra-religious. This verb phrase is mostly used by the mature youth. Its old profile has steered it clear of teenage use. The phrase cuts across all economic divides but fails to penetrate the ultra-religious due to it being a taboo word. The phrase is used in informal settings and in the presence of youthful audience that is also part of the speaker’s social network. This acronym is commonest among the youth and has already infiltrated teenagers through electronic media, especially the Internet. The word permeates all social classes but remains widely unaccepted among Christians since its last initial is a taboo word and an expletive. The audience is mainly the youth and the audience is very informal. The use of this word permeates all socioeconomic classes and ages, with some Christians being the exception. This is because Christians consider the use of the word as tantamount to trifling with God’s name and a transgression of the Third Commandment. The word is commonly used in an informal setting and audience, particularly in online

The Effects of Environmental Change Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Environmental Change Essay A changing environment can have many effects on our lives, being good or bad. The environment can change as a result of many things such as change over time, human intervention or natural disasters. Bushfires are a very significant natural disaster. Bushfires change the environment when they burn through forests and urban areas. They have many effects before they occur such as the way we live and how we prepare for a bushfire, and then there are the after-effects of the destruction caused when a bushfire burns through an area. Living in a bushfire prone area requires us to change the way we live because we must prepare our properties for protection against fires. Gutters must be kept clear and trees overhanging houses must be cut down. Many people also burn off around their land to save leaf litter and bark build-up. For many people living in the Hawkesbury area, these activities are a weekend routine, however, people living in urban areas dont need to make this change to their lives because of the threat of bushfires. When a bushfire burns it releases huge amounts of smoke and ash into the air above and surrounding it. This thick, heavy haze pollutes the air to a major extent, making it hard to breath in, settling on rooves and in gutters of homes with water tanks, and can even effect the operation of engines as their air intake is compromised. Also, pollution can be carried into many areas far from the actual blaze by the wind. This just multiplies the smoke affected area. Read more:  Effect of Haze on Environment Bushfires are one of the most destructive natural disasters in the world, they destroy everything in their paths, most that lies in the way of a bushfire is bushland however bushfires also destroy homes and other buildings such as sheds/garages. Once the fire is upon the owners property, there isnt really much that can be done to protect houses from burning. For anyone to lose their home to a bushfire would no doubt be one of the most  significant turning points of their life, having a major effect on many aspects of their life immediately and in the long term. In the recent fire disaster in California, a total of 2,125 homes were destroyed (as of October 31 2003), including one whole town overnight [Sydney Morning Herald]. Although a rare effect on our lives, Fires are the cause of many deaths to humans and animals. Humans and animals stand no chance whatsoever against a bushfire, the only way that we can survive one is if we get out of its way. Many people have died trying to save their houses and possessions, creating an enormous effect on their families and friends. When and even before bushfires strike, they can have many effects on our lives, especially to many of us who live in rural areas of the Hawkesbury region.

Entrapment :: Personal Narrative Elevators Essays

Entrapment Last year, sixty seven thousand people called the police due to elevator entrapment. About seventy six percent of those people who used those elevators were lethargic. The other twenty four percent had legitimate reasons for using the elevator. Elevators should only be used when you are physically disabled. American’s all over the world try to take the easy way out of any exercise. Elevators have become a major part of everyday life for many Americans. Entrapment occurs when there is too much weight or to many people. Getting trapped in an elevator causes panic to many human beings and bonds them through experience. Have you ever been stuck in an elevator? Does it bother you to be in a small space with sixteen other people? Recently, I was trapped in an elevator with sixteen other people. This elevator was about six feet wide and seven feet long. Imagine how a throng of people could fit into that amount of space. It is amazing to me that an experience so random could pave the way for endless support, and create a network of friends out of strangers. It was my first week of my freshman year in college. Normally, you want to survive the first week by going to school events and meeting new people. Being the first Saturday night of the school year my new friend and I decided to go to a party in another dorm on campus. Both of us didn’t know what to expect at a college party, so we dressed up and tried to look our best. As I put my black mascara on I knew that this would be a fun night. My friend Jessica knew one of the guys that would be at this gathering because he lived in the same town that she was from. Finally, we leave our dorms and head out to our first college party. We arrived at the party and started to play cards. As the night progressed, poker was getting a little boring and staying in that dorm room wasn’t too much fun either. Abruptly, one of the guys said we should go to a freshman dorm. Everyone grabbed their belongings and headed to central campus. As we walked to central campus many of the boys were w hispering about how they were going to cause a ruckus. No one was a resident of this hall, so we had to ask someone who was outside to let us in.

Essay --

Miner1 Shawna Pergeson Miss Miner English II 18 March 2014 Holocaust Experiments People all over the world go through a lot of hardship. Starvation, abuse, wars, bombing raids, genocide. People would suffer over the fallen economy. In Europe and even here in the United States, many people struggled to survive through the Holocaust Era. It’s weary out there. The people who had it the worse were the Polish, Russians, Gypsies, and especially the Holocaust victims; the Jewish Population. They were kicked out of their homes, shoved into cattle cars, killed, and made to work in a concentration camps and many other terrible things. The worst of all, they were experimented on. The following pages are going to tell you how the concentration camps were built, who ran the experiment camps. Also about the experiments and what the effects were. Shawna Pergeson Miner2 Miss Miner English II 18 March 2014 The medical experiments started in World War II. Buchenwald was one of the first camps built in the summer of 1937. The prisoners were made to carry very large rocks to build it during their â€Å"free time†. Prisoners were used for Virus Researches like Typhus and were infused with numerous types of pathogens to reveal the strengths of the vaccines. Usually killing the subjects, forced prisoners like the Jews and Gypsies were force to take part. The Buchenwald Camp was freed April 11, 1945. The day after that, President Franklin Roosevelt died. Soviets then used the camp as another concentration camp, not for civilians, but for their own enemies in Germany. The doctors during... ...ctors put in the tuberculosis bacteria in the prisoners at camp Neuengamme. Around two hundred adults died from this. They also cut off legs and shoulders from prisoners at Ravensbruck to attach them onto other subjects. This also included parts of bones, muscles, and nerves to analyze the healing process for the body parts. The result of the experiments were horrid pain, mutilation, disability, and death. Doctors of the Concentration Camps also experimented on birth effects. They meant to radiate and sterilize young men and study the changes in the reproduction organs. Women had substances unwillingly implanted their cervix or uterus which caused pain, bleeding, and spasms. Women were forced into artificial insemination. The subjects were told that they have monsters in their wombs and were cross bred from animals. This was probably the worse of the experiments.

How Charles Dickens shows Miss Havisham change over the novel Essay

How does Dickens show the change in Miss Havisham over the course of the novel?  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Great Expectation† is about a young boy named Pip and follows him throughout his life. Pip meets Miss Havisham a lady with a broken heart who has an adopted daughter named Estella, Estella is a â€Å"pretty young girl† that pip falls in love with. A close analysis of the novel reveals Miss Havisham is not the person she is perceived to be. The bitter and vengeful Miss Havisham is one of the main characters in Dickens’ novel Great Expectations. She is central to the novel and holds the plot together. Dickens waits until Chapter 8 to introduce the character to the reader, like Pip we are scared and frightened when we meet her for the first time. â€Å"I should have cried out, if I could†. This shows that Miss Havisham intimidates Pip; and as a result, we fear for Pip; and are also uncomfortable as readers. Also, the word ‘haunting’ is associated when we think of Miss Havisham. This is because of her â€Å"ghostly† appearance, her disturbed state of mind, and the way she haunts Pip. If we are to say haunting is when someone/something has a lasting, negative effect on something, it is evidently shown that Miss Havisham is a gothic, disturbing, melancholic character. Dickens uses descriptive writing to describe Miss Havisham as a wealthy, well dressed woman â€Å"in rich materials – satins, and lace, and silk†. Dickens uses imagery of luxury and opulence to give a clear picture in the readers mind about how Miss Havisham is dressed. Dickens also uses a simile’ withered like the dress’ to show how Miss Havisham has been trapped in time and grown old and decayed along with her white wedding dress, also reflecting her mental state. Dickens presents her to be a living dead, ‘waxwork and skeleton’ as there is nothing healthy in her. She has allowed herself to get wasted and now she looks more dead than alive. Both Miss Havisham and her adopted daughter Estella, manipulate Pip for their own â€Å"sick fancys†. Miss Havisham states to Pip that her heart has been â€Å"broken† and she wants â€Å"diversion†. She also â€Å"has had enough of men and women† therefore, enclosing herself in her house. Miss Havisham was jolted at the altar by the man she thought she loved. As a result of her heartache and pain, she stopped the clocks at twenty to nine, and left the house and herself exactly the way it was on that day; â€Å"never seen the sun since you were born†. In addition, Miss Havisham uses Estella as a ploy, to seek revenge on all males. Estella is a young lady, who is very pretty. Estella is very rude and patronises Pip. She calls him by the name of â€Å"boy† which makes us feel sorry for Pip and dislike Estella. Estella known to be a â€Å"beautiful†, â€Å"self possessed†, â€Å"scornful† young lady makes Pip aware of his common working class background. He is powerfully attractive to the mysterious ways of Satis House and Estella. He accepts her cruelty as he truly loves her, he follows her taunting and harshness and wishes to become a rich gentlemen; to please Estella and to stop her name calling and for her not see him as â€Å"coarse†, â€Å"rough† boy. This is when Pip wants to higher his social class, starting the course of â€Å"Great Expectations†. Miss Havisham is the feeder to the way Pip thinks and manipulates him into thinking that she is the benefactor for him becoming a gentleman living in London. She leads him to believe this by slyly hinting that she knows more. â€Å"Mr Jaggers is your guardian I understand?† This makes pip believe that it is her that is helping him to becoming a gentleman. Although in the end we find out it is a convicted he helped when he was younger. Satis House, the reflection of Miss Havisham’s state of mind â€Å"in every crevice†; decaying. She has enclosed herself within the walls of Satis House letting no outside world in. The only way you can get in is through the front gate which is guarded at all times. The house remains to be the exact same as when she left it. The garden with trees fluctuated everywhere, grass â€Å"in every crevice†. This shows that its hasn’t been cared for, just like Miss Havisham hasn’t. The interior is also decaying. In Chapter 11, Pip goes into her room and sees a â€Å"A bride-cake. Mine!† that was â€Å"seeming to grow†. It is as if it is a part of her, a part of her past and past happiness that has gone. This makes the reader feel sorry for her, as she is truly heartbroken. Miss Havisham has been presented by Dickens as a cold, heartless character, only thinking about herself. Dickens makes us believe this by the way Estella is treated by her; the way Miss Havisham uses her to break all males’ hearts. â€Å"Love her, love her, love her!† Miss Havisham tells pip with â€Å"passionate eagerness† whatever Estella does he will â€Å"love her†. She curses him like a evil persuasive witch doing a spell. This shows that she focuses on one thing and must live up to a target; it is an unhealthy love its like obsession. Estella now can’t love; she doesn’t know how to love. Estella can’t even love her Miss Havisham. This all changes in chapters 38 and 49 Miss Havisham feels guilty for making Estella becomes a cold â€Å"heartless† person. However, when Estella rebels to her adopted mother, Miss Havisham is truly sorry for her harsh actions â€Å"what have I done?† She says this repeated several times, truly sorry. As she has no idea what she has done wrong. Miss Havisham can’t die without knowing she is forgiven. Dickens has shown he unmarried contradictory character Miss Havisham, has gone through many changes throughout the novel. Although â€Å"Great Expectation† is a novel about Pips life, it includes â€Å"Terror†, â€Å"love†, drama, and excitement; these factors of the novel are part of how Miss Havisham has changed.Towards the end of the novel in chapter 49 Dickens use of ominous language prepares the reader the Miss Havisham’s death. â€Å"Funeral music†, â€Å"the cathedral chimes† All these quotes prepare the reader for something to go wrong, like a death is going to occur. Dickens also explains when he walks pasted the â€Å"priory garden, seemed to call to me that the place was changed† this shows the future will change by a death. Miss Havisham’s death made a big difference to the novel. In chapter 49 Miss Havisham dies after server burns from an accidental fire. Her death is very painful. â€Å"She was shrieking, with a whirl of fire blazing all about her†, this death in some ways seems to release her from all her hurt and pain. The fire is symbolic; pip â€Å"dragged the heap of rottenness in the midst, and all the ugly things that sheltered there†. This shows it dragged all the decay and the living death away. The fire ended it all.   In conclusion to this Miss Havisham has changed from an evil witch who only thinks about herself to a woman who feels guilty for all the things she has done.

Strawberry Fields Forever

Strawberry Fields Forever 1. Problem definitionIn this case the critical problem identified by me was, the over supply of strawberries and less consumption of this fruit.The strawberries in Australia have been increased in the following way1. Increased production of strawberries, which were usually grown in Australia.2. The Victorian Federal Government has introduced new higher yielding strawberries plants in to the country. These Californian strawberries were larger in size and had a potential for the fruit over an extended period. So, berry growers in Australia have increased their orders for these plants.3. There was a major opportunity for strawberry dealers in importing strawberries from other countries. The reason behind it was the imported strawberries were much cheaper then the once which are cultivated in the country. So the fruit processors in Australia have increased their imports, which also lead to the oversupply.Therefore, due to the above reasons there was an oversupply of strawberries in Austr alia, but there was very less consumption by the customers.Toronto ParkingKeeping the problem in view, the Victorian Strawberry Growers Association have asked the Victorian government to take necessary action against the problem by setting up a statutory committee (VSIDC). This committee has decided opt for research and development to increase the consumption of the VSIDC and there increase the awareness of the fruit.2. Type of Research DesignWith the purpose of better understanding the attitudes and opinions of consumers toward strawberries in Melbourne and Sydney, a questionnaire consisting of twenty-nine questions and instigating a research program conducting a series of focus group interviews in which strawberry consumption and buying behaviour were examined in detail. A successful marketing research firm conducted this in order to help the Victorian Strawberry Industry Development Committee to take more effective marketing decisions. This research has been conducted using...

Deterministic Schema Essays - Economic Ideologies, Socialism

Deterministic Schema Essays - Economic Ideologies, Socialism Deterministic Schema Marxism is a deterministic schema in that according to its doctrine, each subsequent turn of events is a direct result of a specific sequence of causes. According to Marx and Engels in this statement, each stage of history is inevitable and is pushed into the next stage by specific forces, particularly class struggle. Class struggle in a Feudalistic society between the Autocracy, some craftsmen, and infinite numbers of peasants, combined with the onset of the Commercial Revolution in the sixteenth century leads to capitalism. The Industrial revolution that accompanies capitalism causes a new kind of class structure and with it, a new kind of class struggle. The middle class grows in size and wealth while the peasants become the working class and decline in wealth as their depravity increases. The Labor Theory of Value states that the worker can never make it because s/he never receives enough money for the worth of the product. All of the profit goes to further investment and the pro letarian is left overworked and hungry. This class related problem leads to the failure of the capitalist revolution and pushes society into socialism. Socialism is state capitalism. The workers own the companies and the issue of class is avoided it is a classless society. As a deep down moralist, Marx is most interested in the class struggle fueled push into socialism. He is quite vague about the necessary push from socialism to communism, and is more interested in the capitalism socialism transition. Steps cannot be skipped but can be sped up, so the question would be when will class struggle force society into communism from socialism. Communism according to the manifesto is the withering of the state and the ideal state of existence with much collaboration. Lenin takes the challenge of manipulating time (Marx didnt say when) and bringing communism into play. His was a combination of wanting to grab power for the will of the people and Marxism.

Microbiology Described.

Microbiology Described. They're out there! You can't see them but they can see you. Right at this very moment they are living on and in your body, and there is nothing you can do about it!This may sound like the beginning of a horror movie, but it isn't. It is actually a very basic description of a very broad subject: microbiology.Microbiology is a complex subject that spans out into a variety of areas. I am a person who is entering the health care field, and it is inparitive that I know the subject of microbiology and how if effects the world in which we live.Part one of this essay will deal with defining bacteria, viruses, fungi, microbes, and pirons. Part two of the essay will focus on indigenous micro flora that is on and in the body, and part three will describe the structure and replication procedure of viruses.None - This image is in the public domain and thus...Part oneAs stated by Prescott, Harley and Klein (1990) microbiology is the study of organisms that are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye.According to Jenson and Wright (1989) a pathogen is a disease-producing organism.They also describe microbes as organisms that are often too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope. Microbes, also known as microorganisms, can be broken down into four classifications that are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.Prescott, Harley Klein (1990) describe bacteria as prokaryotic cells (cells that lack a true membrane enclosed nucleus). Bacteria are both small and simple in structure; they usually are between o.5 and 5cmm yet they have many characteristic shapes and sizes. Some bacteria are circular or oval shaped, they are known as cocci bacteria. Other bacteria are rod-shaped, they are known as bacilli bacteria, and some bacteria are spiral and coil-shaped...

Critically assess the provisions of the Corporate Manslaughter and Essay

Critically assess the provisions of the Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 - Essay Example Thus, existing laws against corporate manslaughter are generally compared to a paper tiger. This used to be the case in UK where organized labor and other concerned sectors had for many years railed against the growing number of deaths at work in which nobody gets the blame and receives the appropriate penalty. In 2003, the country’s Trade Union Congress (TUC) noted that 10,000 Britons die at work each year, or one for every single hour. The report said in 2002 alone, 249 workers and 384 innocent bystanders were killed in workplace incidents, with 4,000 more dying from asbestos-related diseases and 6,000 from other occupational illnesses9. Media likewise estimated that over 40,000 people in UK had been killed in commercially related circumstances between 1966 and 200610, but under the old common law of manslaughter, only 34 companies were prosecuted for homicide and only seven resulted in convictions. The old laws such as the law of gross negligence treated work-related deaths like common crimes, which seldom gave justice to the victims because of the inherent difficulty of pinpointing blame in a corporate setting. Under this common-law crime of manslaughter, government solicitors prosecuted erring firms in many celebrated cases but failed. Among these cases were the 1990 capsizing of the Herald of Free Enterprise ferry boat owned and operated by P & O Ferries (Dover), which killed 192 people, and the Southall rail crash in 1997, which caused seven deaths and injuries to 151 others. In both cases there were difficulties in finding one senior person in the company who knew enough to incriminate him6. What was found galling in these disasters was that they were not caused by mere individual mistakes but were part of a systemic failure of safety management10, which cries for the prosecution of an entire organization. There was one case in which government

Angolas Tourism Infrastructure Development Research Paper

Angolas Tourism Infrastructure Development - Research Paper Example There exist a relationship between infrastructure and the tourism development. Measures to gauge the level of economic growth are based on the infrastructure development and standards of living. The tourist inflow would depend on the efforts of any central government to invest in infrastructure. Angola being an emerging economy in Africa needs to invest majorly in the infrastructure in order to realize its full capacity. Stiff competition from the south and East of Africa poses major challenges towards the overall performance of the country as a tourist hub (Hottola, 2009).   In order to suggest models be used by Angola in improving infrastructure and promoting tourism, the current economic status will be examined. The research will be based on the African Development Bank statistic to gauge the amount allocated by the government in both infrastructure and tourism. The sources of funding towards this project will be important in projecting the future capacities. Mazivila (2014) data will be used as Macroeconomic Indicators where status, estimates and future projections. The stability of Angola compared to other SADC members will determine the future strengths and weaknesses while investing in infrastructure and expanding current capacity. Foreign investments will establish Angola’s Income and government’s alternative sources of revenue. Trading Economics (2014) will give an insight of Angola’s foreign direct investments since 2004.  Infrastructure being the major concern in the tourist industry, the research will focus on the time factor. This will include the period used to procure documents that will enhance infrastructure development (The World Bank, 2005). The time taken in this country will compare Angola to other countries with developed tourism infrastructure (World Travel & Tourism Council. 2012).

Outline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Outline - Essay Example In other words, I need to address a lifestyle change that is responsive to my desire to curtail irresponsible spending. This question is very important to me because I realize that in order to improve the quality of my life I need to be more budget conscious and more responsible with what I do with my earnings. This is all the more important because my irrational and irresponsible spending impacts not only my own comfort, but the comfort of my family. At this point I am able to admit that I am at worst a compulsive spender, at best, unable to manage my earnings responsibly. I want to make a lifestyle change that reverses this conduct and improves the quality of my life and the lives of my loved ones. In this regard, I have focused my attention on what it is that I need to do to invoke an effective lifestyle change to curtail my spending habits. Current research into the topic of lifestyle changes typically agree that lifestyle change commences with identifying future goals and acknowledging current personal obstacles that can be changed to achieve a successful lifestyle change. McGraw (1999) informs that lifestyle changes begin with a realization that everyone faces challenges but the individual must take sole responsibility for meeting their own challenges (pp. 11-12). In general there are ten life laws for lifestyle changes. They are: becoming one of those that get it; accept that you are responsible for your own life; do that which works; accept what needs to be changed; take positive action; identify your perceptions; take control of your life; dictate how you are treated; be merciful and identify what you want to achieve (McGraw 1999). Markway et al (2003) caution that making lifestyle changes are never easy as it requires commitment, vision and discipline (p. 92). Tracy (2009) maintains that success driven persons are those who think ahead to the future and do not

The Mediating Effects of Role Stress and Intrinsic Motivation Research Paper

The Mediating Effects of Role Stress and Intrinsic Motivation - Research Paper Example are functions of external rewards and are often carried with the objective of avoiding pain like in the case of punishment or gaining something like in the case of promotions at work. Behaviors that are motivated extrinsically do not give happiness to the individuals in question as he/she acts in that way because of the external rewards. The problem associated with this is that it kills intrinsic motivation, as people get more concerned with the rewards at the expense of enjoying what they are doing (Robinson 2010). There are three types of extrinsic motivation as shown below. Table on Extrinsic Motivation MOTIVATION BEHAVIOR SUSTAINED BY EXAMPLE External Motivation Environmental rewards or punishment contingencies Learning in order to get a job Introjected Motivation Desire to avoid internally imposed remorse and blame Working in order to get money and support family Identified Motivation Desire to express important self-identifications Working because that is what I want to do. Ext rinsic motivation is crude and inefficient because using negative motivation like blackmail and threats or bribing someone to do something does not make him do it wholeheartedly as all the actions are subject to the expected rewards. The problem with this approach is that people are often concerned more with the outcome than the action itself and this leads to high levels of inefficiency (Eskildsen, Kristensen, & Westlund, 2004). These shortcomings can be fixed through using intrinsic motivation as it persuades people to concentrate on doing what they like for internal satisfaction. Intrinsic motivation is therefore the best way of focusing efforts as illustrated below. Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation can be defined as a type of motivation driven internally and not externally.... The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment in organizations. The concept of motivation is important when it comes to understanding the behavior of a group of people and finding ways of improving their performance. Motivation can be defined as a force that initiates, controls and maintains behaviors that are goal oriented. This is what propels people to do certain things like eating, working, and socializing. The forces that control behavior can be social, emotional, biological or cognitive in nature. Researchers have come up with different theories of motivation in order to explain the behavior of people and the reasons behind such actions. Intrinsic motivation improves performance more than extrinsic motivation because it is innate. When an individual is intrinsically motivated he/she will perform tasks with the intention of achieving inward satisfaction hence the levels of efficiency will be relatively high er than that of an individual that is motivated by external rewards. At the organizational level, even though the performance of employees is a function of both the environment and innate drives, the innate drives often determine the achievement levels among the employees. This explains the different in efficiency levels among different personnel working in the same environment. Through establishing the relationship between intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment, this paper will provide managers and administrators a better understanding of the behavior of the employees and their attitudes.

Discuss how recent changes in the law may impact on the tourism and Essay

Discuss how recent changes in the law may impact on the tourism and hospitality industry - Essay Example A series of constraints can appear causing severe delays to the completion of the relevant projects. Current paper focuses on the effects of law on the airline industry – emphasis is given on the aviation law of UK – as influenced from the European Union law. It is concluded that the update of legal rules related – either directly or indirectly – to the airline industry has affected the performance of the specific industrial sector. The character of the relationship between this industry and the law cannot be clearly specified – being characterized by benefits and drawbacks. However, despite the delays that the changes in the law have caused to the development of airline industry – in the context described below – still, it is necessary that the relevant measures are supported both by the entrepreneurs and the public. After a transition period, the benefits of these initiatives will be made clear – even if currently the introduction of the relevant legal rules is not fully justified. The needs of various industries in regard to their regulation can be differentiated. The characteristics of each industry and the level of its interaction with the public are usually of high importance in order to decide on the form of the regulatory framework developed for the particular sector. Under these terms, the needs of each industry in terms of law are defined by the following criteria: a) the position of the industry within the local economy, b) the structure of the operational activities of the industry’s firms, c) the practices followed in regard to the regulation of similar industries in the context of the international community, d) the rules developed by international bodies and which are binding for a specific industrial sector – for instance the rules of the European Union which need to be promoted within all member states. In the case of the airline industry, the elements of the legal framework used for the

The Mediating Effects of Role Stress and Intrinsic Motivation Research Paper

The Mediating Effects of Role Stress and Intrinsic Motivation - Research Paper Example are functions of external rewards and are often carried with the objective of avoiding pain like in the case of punishment or gaining something like in the case of promotions at work. Behaviors that are motivated extrinsically do not give happiness to the individuals in question as he/she acts in that way because of the external rewards. The problem associated with this is that it kills intrinsic motivation, as people get more concerned with the rewards at the expense of enjoying what they are doing (Robinson 2010). There are three types of extrinsic motivation as shown below. Table on Extrinsic Motivation MOTIVATION BEHAVIOR SUSTAINED BY EXAMPLE External Motivation Environmental rewards or punishment contingencies Learning in order to get a job Introjected Motivation Desire to avoid internally imposed remorse and blame Working in order to get money and support family Identified Motivation Desire to express important self-identifications Working because that is what I want to do. Ext rinsic motivation is crude and inefficient because using negative motivation like blackmail and threats or bribing someone to do something does not make him do it wholeheartedly as all the actions are subject to the expected rewards. The problem with this approach is that people are often concerned more with the outcome than the action itself and this leads to high levels of inefficiency (Eskildsen, Kristensen, & Westlund, 2004). These shortcomings can be fixed through using intrinsic motivation as it persuades people to concentrate on doing what they like for internal satisfaction. Intrinsic motivation is therefore the best way of focusing efforts as illustrated below. Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation can be defined as a type of motivation driven internally and not externally.... The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment in organizations. The concept of motivation is important when it comes to understanding the behavior of a group of people and finding ways of improving their performance. Motivation can be defined as a force that initiates, controls and maintains behaviors that are goal oriented. This is what propels people to do certain things like eating, working, and socializing. The forces that control behavior can be social, emotional, biological or cognitive in nature. Researchers have come up with different theories of motivation in order to explain the behavior of people and the reasons behind such actions. Intrinsic motivation improves performance more than extrinsic motivation because it is innate. When an individual is intrinsically motivated he/she will perform tasks with the intention of achieving inward satisfaction hence the levels of efficiency will be relatively high er than that of an individual that is motivated by external rewards. At the organizational level, even though the performance of employees is a function of both the environment and innate drives, the innate drives often determine the achievement levels among the employees. This explains the different in efficiency levels among different personnel working in the same environment. Through establishing the relationship between intrinsic motivation and organizational commitment, this paper will provide managers and administrators a better understanding of the behavior of the employees and their attitudes.

Nutrition project 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Nutrition project 3 - Essay Example ject, is to plan one week’s meals for yourself based on the information from USDA ChooseMyPlate – SuperTracker (http://www.choosemyplate.gov/supertracker-tools/supertracker.html). If you have access to the Internet, be sure to use the interactive feature to generate the exact pyramid based on your age, gender, and activity level. (Throughout this assignment, you may substitute another food guide pyramid for SuperTracker if you find one that more closely suits your needs, but you need to include it—or the reference information for it with this project.) After you get your meals planned, make a list of all of the ingredients needed to make them (or the prepared items to buy). Take this to your local source(s) for food (grocery store, restaurant, farmer’s market, bakery, etc.) and record the price of each item on the list. (You will not need to purchase these items, simply record their costs.) 8. Conclude with a short description of what you learned about planning and implementing a healthy diet. What requirements of SuperTracker did you find most difficult to meet, either financially or by food preference, or both? What do you anticipate will be your biggest challenge(s) to meeting your nutritional needs as an adult? How you organize this project is up to you, just remember that organization is part of your overall grade. If you choose to create an interactive project or website that is published to the Internet, be sure to insert the URL and any access information in the space below. The total amount of calories consumed at the end of each day is 2200. Based on the daily food plan from the food tracker, each day must include 7 ounces of grains, 3 cups of vegetables, 2 cups of fruit, 3 cups of dairy products and 6 ounces of protein foods. Below is my menu for a week; The shopping list for each of the food categories is tabulated below. At the bottom of each row of foods, the total amount that it would cost to purchase the foods is written in US dollars.

Amsterdam Company Essay Example for Free

Amsterdam Company Essay Question 2 Presented below is information related to Rembrandt Inc.s inventory. (per unit)SkisBootsParkas Historical Cost273.79152.7576.37 Selling Price312.70208.95106.27 Cost to distribute27.3811.533.60 Current replacement cost292.52151.3173.49 Normal profit margin46.1141.7930.62 Determine the following: Question 3 Matlock Company uses a perpetual inventory system. Its beginning inventory consists of 67 units that cost $40 each. During June, the company purchased 202 units at $40 each, returned 8 units for credit, and sold 168 units at $67 each. Journalize the June transactions. Question 4 Amsterdam Company uses a periodic inventory system. For April, when the company sold 700 units, the following information is available. Compute the April 30 inventory and the April cost of goods sold using the average cost method. Question 5 Amsterdam Company uses a periodic inventory system. For April, when the company sold 600 units, the following information is available. Compute the April 30 inventory and the April cost of goods sold using the FIFO method. Question 6 (FIFO, LIFO, Average Cost Inventory) Esplanade Company was formed on December 1, 2011. The following information is available from Esplanades inventory records for Product BAP. PurchasesUnitsUnit Cost January 1, 2012(beginning inventory)7628.00 January 5, 20121,5249.00 January 25, 20121,65110.00 February 16, 20121,06111.00 March 26, 201276212.00 A physical inventory on March 31, 2012, shows 2,032 units on hand. Prepare schedules to compute the ending inventory at March 31, 2012, under each of the following inventory methods. Assume Esplanade Company uses the periodic inventory method. Question 7 Floyd Corporation has the following four items in its ending inventory. Determine the final lower of cost or market inventory value for each item. Question 8 Kumar Inc. uses a perpetual inventory system. At January 1, 2013, inventory was $320,786 at both cost and market value. At December 31, 2013, the inventory was $428,714 at cost and $403,231 at market value. Prepare the necessary December 31 entry under: Question 9 Boyne Inc. had beginning inventory of $15,000 at cost and $25,000 at retail. Net purchases were $150,000 at cost and $212,500 at retail. Net markups were $12,500; net markdowns were $8,750; and sales were $196,250. Compute ending inventory at cost using the conventional retail method. Question 10 (Gross Profit Method) Astaire Company uses the gross profit method to estimate inventory for monthly reporting purposes. Presented below is information for the month of  May. Question 11 Previn Brothers Inc. purchased land at a price of $30,400. Closing costs were $1,820. An old building was removed at a cost of $14,850. What amount should be recorded as the cost of the land? Question 12 Garcia Corporation purchased a truck by issuing an $108,000, 4-year, zero-interest-bearing note to Equinox Inc. The market rate of interest for obligations of this nature is 10%. Prepare the journal entry to record the purchase of this truck. Question 13 Mohave Inc. purchased land, building, and equipment from Laguna Corporation for a cash payment of $352,800. The estimated fair values of the assets are land $67,200, building $246,400, and equipment $89,600. At what amounts should each of the three assets be recorded? Question 14 Fielder Company obtained land by issuing 2,000 shares of its $12 par value common stock. The land was recently appraised at $103,700. The common stock is actively traded at $50 per share. Prepare the journal entry to record the acquisition of the land. Question 15 Navajo Corporation traded a used truck (cost $23,600, accumulated depreciation $21,240) for a small computer worth $4,366. Navajo also paid $1,180 in the transaction. Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange. Question 16 Mehta Company traded a used welding machine (cost $10,080, accumulated depreciation $3,360) for office equipment with an estimated fair value of $5,600. Mehta also paid $3,360 cash in the transaction. Prepare the journal entry to record the exchange. Question 17 Depreciation is normally computed on the basis of the nearest A). full month and to the nearest dollar. B). day and to the nearest cent. C). day and to the nearest dollar. D). full month and to the nearest cent. Question 18 Fernandez Corporation purchased a truck at the beginning of 2012 for $54,180. The truck is estimated to have a salvage value of $2,580 and a useful life of 206,400 miles. It was driven 29,670 miles in 2012 and 39,990 miles in 2013. Compute depreciation expense for 2012 and 2013. Question 19 Lockhard Company purchased machinery on January 1, 2012, for $79,200. The machinery is estimated to have a salvage value of $7,920 after a useful life of 8 years. (a) Compute 2012 depreciation expense using the double-declining balance method. (b) Compute 2012 depreciation expense using the double-declining balance method assuming the machinery was purchased on October 1, 2012. Question 20 Jurassic Company owns machinery that cost $1,145,700 and has accumulated depreciation of $458,280. The expected future net cash flows from the use of the asset are expected to be $636,500. The fair value of the equipment is $509,200. Prepare the journal entry, if any, to record the impairment loss. Question 21 Everly Corporation acquires a coal mine at a cost of $501,600. Intangible development costs total $125,400. After extraction has occurred, Everly must restore the property (estimated fair value of the obligation is $100,320), after which it can be sold for $200,640. Everly estimates that 5,016 tons of coal can be extracted. If 878 tons are extracted the first year, prepare the journal entry to record depletion. Question 22 Francis Corporation purchased an asset at a cost of $58,200 on March 1, 2012. The asset has a useful life of 8 years and a salvage value of $5,820. For tax purposes, the MACRS class life is 5 years. Compute tax depreciation for each year 2012–2017. Question 23 Celine Dion Corporation purchases a patent from Salmon Company on January 1, 2012, for $50,820. The patent has a remaining legal life of 16 years. Celine Dion feels the patent will be useful for 10 years. Prepare Celine Dions journal entries to record the purchase of the patent and 2012 amortization. Question 24 Karen Austin Corporation has capitalized software costs of $768,500, and sales of this product the first year totaled $390,630. Karen Austin anticipates earning $911,470 in additional future revenues from this product, which is estimated to have an economic life of 4 years. Compute the amount of software cost amortization for the first year. (a) Compute the amount of software cost amortization for the first year using the percent of revenue approach. (b) Compute the amount of software cost amortization for the first year using the straight-line approach. Question 25 Jeff Beck is a farmer who owns land which borders on the right-of-way of the Northern Railroad. On August 10, 2012, due to the admitted negligence of the Railroad, hay on the farm was set on fire and burned. Beck had had a dispute with the Railroad for several years concerning the ownership of a small parcel of land. The representative of the Railroad has offered to assign any rights which the Railroad may have in the land to Beck in exchange for a release of his right to reimbursement for the loss he has sustained from the fire. Beck appears inclined to accept the Railroads offer. The Railroads 2012 financial statements should include the following related to the incident: A). recognition of a loss only. B). creation of a liability only. C). disclosure in note form only. D). recognition of a loss and creation of a liability for the value of the land. Question 26 Roley Corporation uses a periodic inventory system and the gross method of accounting for purchase discounts. On July 1, Roley purchased $66,000 of inventory, terms 2/10, n/30, FOB shipping point. Roley paid freight costs of $1,210. On July 3, Roley returned damaged goods and received credit of $6,600. On July 10, Roley paid for the goods. Prepare all necessary journal entries for Roley. Question 27 Takemoto Corporation borrowed $93,000 on November 1, 2012, by signing a $95,093, 3-month, zero-interest-bearing note. Prepare Takemotos November 1, 2012, entry; the December 31, 2012, annual adjusting entry; and the February 1, 2013, entry. (For multiple debit/credit en tries, list amounts from largest to smallest, e.g. 10, 8, 6. Round all answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 11,150.) Question 28 Whiteside Corporation issues $629,000 of 9% bonds, due in 14 years, with interest payable semiannually. At the time of issue, the annual market rate for such bonds is 10%. Compute the issue price of the bonds.(Use the present value tables in the text. Question 29 Indiana Jones Company enters into a 6-year lease of equipment on January 1, 2012, which requires 6 annual payments of $37,560 each, beginning January 1, 2012. In addition, the lessee guarantees a residual value of $20,870 at lease-end. The equipment has a useful life of 6 years. Assume that for Lost Ark Company, the lessor, collectibility is reasonably predictable, there are no important uncertainties concerning costs, and the carrying amount of the machinery is $191,722. Prepare Lost Arks January 1, 2012, journal entries. Question 30 On January 1, 2012, Irwin Animation sold a truck to Peete Finance for $26,050 and immediately leased it back. The truck was carried on Irwins books at $20,800. The term of the lease is 5 years, and title transfers to Irwin at lease-end. The lease requires five equal rental payments of $7,048 at the end of each year. The appropriate rate of interest is 11%, and the truck has a useful life of 5 years with no salvage value. Prepare Irwins 2012 journal entries.

Ethics of Physician Assisted Suicide

Ethics of Physician Assisted Suicide Should we be allowed to take our own lives? In many cultures ancient and not so ancient suicide has been seen as the best option in certain circumstances.   Cato the Younger committed suicide rather than live under Caesar.   For the Stoics there was nothing necessarily immoral in suicide, which could be rational and the best option (Long 1986, 206).   Conversely, in the Christian tradition, suicide has largely been seen as immoral, defying the will of God, being socially harmful and opposed to nature (Edwards 2000).   This view, to follow Hume, ignores the fact that by dint suicide being possible it is not against nature or God (Hume 1986).   Nevertheless, the idea of being allowed to take our own lives impinges on the ethics of public policy in a variety of ways.   Here we will briefly examine the case of physician-assisted suicide (PAS) where an individual’s wish to die may be aided by the action of another. Hume considered suicide to be ‘free from every imputation of guilt or blame’ (Hume 1986, 20) and indeed suicide has not been a crime in the UK since 1961 (Martin 1997, 451).   Aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring a suicide is however a special statutory crime, although few prosecutions are brought.   Recently the issue of PAS has brought the debate about ‘whether and under what conditions individuals should be able to determine the time and manner of their deaths, and whether they should be able to enlist the help of physicians’ (Steinbock 2005, 235).   The British Medical Association opposes euthanasia (mercy killing) but accepts both legally and ethically that patients can refuse life-prolonging treatment – this that they can commit suicide (BMA 1998).   Failing to prevent suicide does not constitute abetting (Martin 1997, 451) although PAS ‘is no different in law to any other person helping another to commit suicide’ (BMA 1998).   In Oregon, however, PAS, restricted to competent individuals who request it, has been legalised (Steinbock 2005, 235, 238).   A distinction should be maintained between suicide and (mercy) killing, acts in which the agents differ, though of course exactly where the line should be drawn is part of the problem. The ethical arguments in support of PAS involve suffering and autonomy (Steinbock 2005, 235-6).   The first assertion is that is cruel to prolong the life of a patient who is in pain that cannot be medically controlled; the second, in the words of Dr Linda Ganzini based on her study in Oregon, involves the idea that ‘being in control and not dependent on other people is the most important thing for them in their dying days’ (quoted in Steinbock 2005, 235).   The logical outcome of these arguments is that, if PAS can be justified on the grounds of suffering or autonomy, why should it be restricted to competent individuals or the terminally ill?   Indeed the judge in Compassion in dying v State of Washington (1995) stated that ‘if at the heart of the liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment is this uncurtailable ability to believe and act on one’s deepest beliefs about life, the right to suicide and the right to assistance in suicide are the preroga tive of at least every sane adult.   The attempt to restrict such rights to the terminally ill is illusory’ (Steinbock 2005, 236). As noted above, religious disapproval of suicide has become less relevant an as arbiter of ethics and policy.   In democratic societies that might best be described as secular with a Christian heritage, the views of religious groups should not restrict the liberty of individuals in society (Steinbock 2005, 236).   Others argue that the role of the physician is to heal and help and not to harm, though supporters of PAS would say that death is not always harmful and assisted suicide is a help.   Indeed, in a country where PAS is not legal people who wish to die without criminalizing those who assist in their suicide may be driven abroad, as in the case of Reginald Crew who was dying of motor neurone disease and travelled to Switzerland for AS, dying in January 2002 (English et al. 2003, 119).   This may cause more harm through the stresses of dislocation and worry than allowing the PAS to take place.   The two most serious concerns are that PAS would be abused and would lead to negative changes in society.   This could happen in many ways through vulnerable groups such as the poor, the elderly etc, being pressured into choosing PAS (Steinbock 2005, 237).   The BMA emphasises a concern for the message that would be given to society about the value of certain groups of people (BMA 1998).   This is part of a wider concern also expressed in a Canadian Senate enquiry of 1995 (BMA 1998) which points to a policy of suicide prevention amongst some vulnerable groups that would be rendered anomalous by seeking to ease suicide amongst the disabled.   However, the presentation is slightly disingenuous, since there is a difference in the reason for potential suicide that must be investigated. For example, seeking to prevent suicide amongst the youth may involve programmes of social inclusion or increasing life prospects, and this style of solution is not applicable in the case of those who may seek PAS.   In Oregon at least, it seems that fears about PAS have not materialised, and one doctor suspects that the relatively low use of PAS is indicative of it being too restrictive (Steinbock 2005, 238).   Users of PAS, rather than being the poor and socially vulnerable as predicted, tended to be middle class and educated, with younger patients more likely to choose it than the elderly, and most were enrolled in hospice care.   Issues about PAS and euthanasia need to be clarified and argued separately.   In the context of this issue at least, the question of whether suicide should be allowed is the wrong one to ask.   A starting point is to ask how competent individuals can be allowed to fulfil their wishes as to life and death issues without endangering other people, whether doctors or loved ones and whether all embracing legislation is feasible. Bibliography BMA. 1998. Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide: Do the moral arguments differ? London: BMA. Edwards, P. 2000. ‘Ethics of suicide’, in The Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 870-71. English, V. Romano-Critchley, G., Sheather J. and Sommerville, A. 2003. ‘Ethics Briefings’, Journal of Medical Ethics 29: 118-119 Hume, D. 1986. ‘Of Suicide’, in Singer, P. (ed.) 1986. Applied Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 19-27. Martin, E.A. (ed.) 1997. A Dictionary of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Steinbock, B. 2005. ‘The case for physician assisted suicide: not (yet) proven’, Journal of Medical Ethics 31: 235-41.

Ciceros De Amicitia Essay -- Friendship Death Love Essays

Cicero's De Amicitia Cicero’s De Amicitia brings a unique perspective to the topic of friendship and how it relates to death. The word amicitia comes from the Latin root word amor which is translated to mean â€Å"love†. In this day and age the word friendship has taken on a slightly different meaning from the ancient meaning. Cicero’s De Amicitia seeks to define what friendship is, its characteristics and principles. He has challenged us to reconsider what constitutes a true friend. Upon observing a typical friendship it becomes clear to us that this relationship is actually devoid of true love; the love in which Cicero speaks of. A genuine friendship is a rare and beautiful thing; a mutual relationship formed between two virtuous people of the same sex in which both individuals love the other as much if not more than themselves. â€Å"In the face of a true friend a man sees as it were a second self.† To love another person as much as you love yourself, to give without the expectation of receiving something in return is indeed an amazing concept. It is sometimes hard to comprehend its existence in this world where friendship is more for utility; â€Å"serve for particular ends - riches for use, power for securing homage, office for reputation, pleasure for enjoyment, health for freedom from pain and the full use of the functions of the body. But friendship embraces innumerable advantages.† The structural foundation upon which a friendship is built is a key determining factor concerning the quality, life and longevity of a friendship. When this foundation is weak and built on the selfish desires of those individuals, that friendship is ultimately put to the test. A utility based friendship is impermanent; giving way to the changing circumstances it faces over time as Cicero stated â€Å"For if it were true that its material advantages cemented friendship, it would be equally true that any change in them would dissolve it.† It does not have the qualities to endure and will fail to thrive in the face of such trials and tribulations as â€Å"conflicting interest; differences of opinion in politics; frequent changes in character, owing sometimes to misfortunes, sometimes to advancing years.† In this type of friendship the individual takes pleasure in each other’s company only in so far they have hopes of gaining an advantage from it. For Cicero, true friendship can only be achie... ...h act. â€Å"I am disposed to think, therefore, that in his case mourning would be a sign of envy rather than of friendship. If, however, the truth rather is that the body and soul perish together, and that no sensation remains, then though there is nothing good in death, at least there is nothing bad.† This statement shows a certain level of jealousy for you envy the freedom your friend has now achieved in death whereas you are still encased in your human form, your soul trapped and yearning for knowledge and wisdom. Feelings of joy would wash over the surviving friend if indeed their friendship were true. Feeling joyful that this person he has loved with all his heart and soul has moved on to a beautiful place, free from the human condition. Reading Cicero’s work has helped validate that which I have always felt to be true; not just of friendship but of death. I conclude with a passage in which Cicero touches on the purpose of forming friendships; †For it is not so much what one gets by a friend that gives one pleasure, as the warmth of his feeling.† One day I hope to understand through first hand experience rather than just through speculation and dissection of Cicero’s writing.

The Impact of Divorce on Children :: Sociology Psychology

Regardless of age, race, sex or religion, divorce has devastating, often long-term, consequences. The immediate effects of divorce, such as hurt, anger and confusion, are evident in both children and adults. The longer-term effects are not so easy to pin point. Adults are usually able to articulate their emotions and verbalize their distress, anger, pain and confusion to help themselves through this period of transition in their lives. As well, adults have the means and ability to seek outside professional assistance independently. Children on the other hand, are not as likely to have the ability to identify the source or kind of turmoil they are experiencing. Therefore, it is difficult for us, as adults, to be fully aware of the consequences of divorce on our children. It is estimated that nearly one half of children born today will spend time in a single parent household watching mommy go down on her boyfriends. Although some of these children are born into single parent families, many more are the product of divorce, and are made to endure the conflict and emotional upset that divorce brings about. At this time, when children require stability and emotional support, the pressures of growing up are often compounded by the stress of divorce and family breakdown. When divorce involves children many questions must be answered. Questions such as: With whom will the children live? How often will the non-custodial parent have access, and under what circumstances? Although simple to ask, these questions are never easy to answer, and children frequently become pawns in a game of revenge. Today, mothers make up the majority of parents who are awarded custody, with fathers making up only 13%. However, this was not always the case. Prior to the 19th century, fathers, under English common law followed in North America , received automatic custody of their children when the marriage dissolved. During the 19th century gradual change occurred. Mothers were first given custody of young children and eventually of older children as well. Today, the trend is changing again, with many couples opting for, or courts ordering, joint custody. Several studies have been done to decipher which custody situation provides the most security and stability for children of divorced families, but it remains that each situation is unique and the individuality of the child(ren) must be the top consideration in making these arrangements. The decision for a couple to divorce is, at best, an emotionally difficult and exhausting time. The Impact of Divorce on Children :: Sociology Psychology Regardless of age, race, sex or religion, divorce has devastating, often long-term, consequences. The immediate effects of divorce, such as hurt, anger and confusion, are evident in both children and adults. The longer-term effects are not so easy to pin point. Adults are usually able to articulate their emotions and verbalize their distress, anger, pain and confusion to help themselves through this period of transition in their lives. As well, adults have the means and ability to seek outside professional assistance independently. Children on the other hand, are not as likely to have the ability to identify the source or kind of turmoil they are experiencing. Therefore, it is difficult for us, as adults, to be fully aware of the consequences of divorce on our children. It is estimated that nearly one half of children born today will spend time in a single parent household watching mommy go down on her boyfriends. Although some of these children are born into single parent families, many more are the product of divorce, and are made to endure the conflict and emotional upset that divorce brings about. At this time, when children require stability and emotional support, the pressures of growing up are often compounded by the stress of divorce and family breakdown. When divorce involves children many questions must be answered. Questions such as: With whom will the children live? How often will the non-custodial parent have access, and under what circumstances? Although simple to ask, these questions are never easy to answer, and children frequently become pawns in a game of revenge. Today, mothers make up the majority of parents who are awarded custody, with fathers making up only 13%. However, this was not always the case. Prior to the 19th century, fathers, under English common law followed in North America , received automatic custody of their children when the marriage dissolved. During the 19th century gradual change occurred. Mothers were first given custody of young children and eventually of older children as well. Today, the trend is changing again, with many couples opting for, or courts ordering, joint custody. Several studies have been done to decipher which custody situation provides the most security and stability for children of divorced families, but it remains that each situation is unique and the individuality of the child(ren) must be the top consideration in making these arrangements. The decision for a couple to divorce is, at best, an emotionally difficult and exhausting time.

Managing Heart Failure

Managing Heart Failure Carla Vossen, SPN Kristin Madigan RN, BSN NURS 1300: Research Project South Central College November 23, 2009 Heart failure is a chronic and progressive syndrome, resulting from the inability of the heart muscle to pump with enough force to meet the metabolic demands of the body. (Buckler,13) According to the Center for Disease Control; (CDC) there are approximately five million people in the United States that have heart failure. Approximately 550 thousand people are diagnosed with heart failure each year. African Americans have a higher death rate than Caucasian Americans; the estimated medical costs in 2006 were 29. 6 billion dollars. Heart failure has a very broad range of causes, some of the more common cardiovascular causes are: congenital heart conditions, valvular disease, coronary artery disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Noncardiovascular causes of heart disease include pulmonary embolism, thyrotoxicosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (Williams,407 ) Lifestyle choice such as smoking, excessive alcohol intake and environment are contributing risk factors. (Buckler,13-15: Williams,408) The symptoms will vary depending on which side of the heart is failing, patients age, and the severity of the disease. However fatigue and weakness are the hallmark signs of heart failure. Williams,483) When pump failure occurs in a damaged left ventricle, referred to as left-sided heart failure (most commonly occurs here); signs and symptoms can include: Dyspnea on exertion, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, crackles, wheezing nocturia, restlessness, cough, pink frothy sputum, weakness, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and cyanosis. Right ventricle failure or right-sided heart failure can either be primary failure or secondary to left-sided heart failure. Signs and symptoms can include: Peripheral edema, ascites , abdominal pain nd fullness, anorexia or sudden weight gain, tachycardia, jugular vein distention, nocturia, and nausea. (Williams,484) Controlling modifiable factors can prevent heart failure, such as smoking and diet. However these factors do not directly cause heart failure but is secondary to an underlying disease such as coronary artery disease that can lead to heart failure. In general heart failure patients have a poor prognosis unless the cause is correctable. If the heart failure is primarily due to a valvular disorder, repair or replacement could reverse the disorder. Heart transplant may be an option for some patients. Several diagnostic procedures may be done to aid in the diagnosis of heart failure. First a complete history and physical examination will be performed, followed by one or more of the following: chest x-ray to detect enlarged heart and pulmonary congestion; electrocardiogram (ECG) is used to assess hypertrophy, ischemia, and arrhythmias; echocardiograms assess blood flow and left ventricular function; cardiac catheterization may show ventricular dilation, coronary artery occlusion, and valvular disorders. Serum blood testes include: Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is very specific for detecting heart failure. Electrolytes, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (to rule out kidney disease); complete blood count (CBC) is used to rule out anemia and infection; Arterial blood gasses (ABGs). (Myers, 484) These are just a few of the main diagnostic tools used to detect or eliminate heart failure and determine the cause. (Buckler,15-17) Treatment is patient specific and will focus on the underlying cause and severity of the heart failure. Pharmacologic interventions may include; ACE inhibitors to decrease cardiac hypertrophy and afterload, these are the first line of pharmacologic interventions. Diuretics are used to decrease fluid overload, beta blockers are used to improve cardiac output, and an anticoagulant may be needed. These medications along with cessation of smoking, close and accurate daily weight monitoring, low sodium diet to help eliminate fluid retention, a high potassium diet may be needed if a thiazide diuretic is prescribed, regular light activity with appropriate rest periods, within the parameters set by the physician, and oxygen therapy. Myers,487-89) Before discharge it is imperative that the patient and family understand the purpose, dosage, schedule, and route of administration of all the medications they are taking, as well as the side effects that need to be reported to their physician. Avoid any over-the-counter medications that may contain sodium, and if they are unsure of a medication, cons ult the physician or pharmacist. They need to understand the level and importance of daily activity and when to stop exercising and when to report to their physician; what procedure should be done when assessing their daily weight and the importance of notifying the physician of daily weight gain of two to three pounds of weekly gain of five pounds. They should also know the importance of the low sodium diet; or high potassium diet if their on a thiazide diuretic, and maintain their fluid restriction. (Buckler,19-20) Supportive resources should be provided to the patient and family. Any knowledge deficit in these areas can have dangerous consequences. Beers, 657-68 ) Patients will often experience shortness of breath, which will increase anxiety. They need to know that the anxiety can exacerbate the shortness of breath. Teaching the patient to sit in the Fowlers position, how to use oxygen as prescribed will help decrease the demand of oxygen. (Beers, 657) Patients should be aware of the different relaxation therapi es that they can practice to help alleviate stress and help slow their breathing; they need to know how and when to use any inhalers they may have prescribed, and the signs and symptoms of any side effects. I choose to research heart failure because of the amount of people that have the disease, its devastating effects on a person lifestyle, and the many underlying diseases that can lead to the disease. Heart failure may not be curable in most cases, however with a strict adherence to the medication, exercise, diet, fluid restriction; a patient has a chance to stop the progression of the underlying cause, therefore avoiding heart failure. References Beers, Mark. ed. , et al. Merck manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. New Jersey: Merck Research Laboratories, 16th ed. 2006. Buckler, L. (2009). Managing Heart Failure. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy. May/ June, 12-20. Center for Disease Control. (2009, Nov 20). Heart Failure Fact Sheet. Retrieved from: http://cdc. gov/dhdsp/library/fs_heart_failure. htm Myers, Tamara, ed. â€Å"Heart Failure. † Mosby’s Medical Dictionary. 8th ed. 2009. Mosby Elsevier. Williams, Linda, Paula Hopper. ed. Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing. Pennsylvania: F. A. Davis Company, 3rd ed. 2007, 480-496.

My Family Essay

Ever heard the saying, â€Å"blood is thicker than water†? If yes, you know it means no bond is tighter than your family. In our families we love, serve, teach, and learn from each other. We share our joys and our sorrows. Family ties may bring us difficult challenges, but they also give us strength and some of our greatest happiness. Through my own personal perspective, if you don’t have family, you don’t have anything. Thinking to yourself, you have it all, each time you see them cross your path. Blood makes you related, loyalty makes you family. Families are so important because we are born into them, marry into them, and even create them among the people we love. They come large and extended or small and eventually grow out into a huge bunch. But whatever their size or wherever they live, strong families give us the nurturance and strength we need in order to survive. I cannot express how blessed to have been born into the family I have. Of course no Brady bunch is perfect but one thing is for sure, everything WE do, we try to do it right. Throughout our lives, most of us find ourselves living in two types of families, our family of orientation and our family of procreation. I bet your face expression is awkwardly confused, but let me break it down real simple for you. Our family of orientation is the family in which we were born into. We had no choice as to who our parents would be, and most definitely had no clue what genes we would inherit. We had no say in our early intellectual stimulation, or in how our emotional or survival needs would be met. I guess you can say, it is all a matter of destiny and who god imself wanted to place you with in regards to the life he has planned for you. Our family of orientation, however, is the institution that hopefully gave us the sense of stability and protection that we all need. We had to rely on our family of orientation to provide the nutrition, shelter, and assistance in learning how to walk, talk, and eat. When at our best, the family teaches the finest things human beings can learn from one another such as, generosity and love. But, it is all too often where we learn nasty things such as hate, rage and shame. My family falls deeply into the good traits, my parents are soft and gentle, but can also be cold as ice when it comes to messing with their kids and family members. One thing in my family that you simply do not do, is mess with myself or my younger siblings. I inherited both of their traits equally, I can be as sweet as a fine sliced piece of cake, or as cold as walking out on below 0? floor, barefoot. Moving on to your family of procreation, once you enter into adulthood, you then find yourself in your family of procreation. The difference between the two is important. The choices which led up to this family of procreation are only yours. When you marry, you have to choose the one you marry. Factors included with that individual’s looks, personality, abilities, knowledge and interests. Sometimes you even get what I call, a â€Å"combo deal†. Pretty self explanatory, your partner may bring along his relatives and sometimes even children. Into what you ask? Into your marriage, that’s what. Of course we always hope and pray, that individual did not bring with him baggage from his family of orientation or previous relationships, but rather positive experiences from one of the other or both. O ne important subject I’d love to get a little more in depth with is the true values of a happy family are. As I previously stated, my family is nowhere near perfect but we try to do whatever it takes to keep our heads held high. Although being Mexican-American can pretty much sum up to why we are stuck together like glue at all times. Our culture is really big on staying together, and doing whatever it takes to get to the top as a whole. Growing up my parents taught me a couple of unique values to always carry at hand. They mean a lot to me and as a whole, they are the foundation I grew up from into who I am today. In our home family values are rules or ideals that, as a family, we agree to live by and stay true to. Having strong well defined family values helps set the foundation for a strong, tight knit family. When educated long enough this closeness provides a soft place to fall when life doesn’t go according to plan. Strong and consistent family values are important in building trust and confidence in each family member. I just want to explain a couple that are important to me and my household, although I’m sure you will obviously relate. We are a very close family, one thing about us, we all want to feel wanted. Come on, who doesn’t want to feel like they belong? It is important that each member of my family feel that they are loved, that they belong and that they matter. Being a united family could mean that you spend every spare minute together doing family activities but keep in mind that everyone is different. Creating a strong family is great, but each person should be allowed the space and freedom to explore the activities they think they may enjoy. People are braver and more willing to take chances if they know they have a safe place to come back to when things don’t quite work out.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Family is not an important thing. It’s everything. † I’m all for order, schedules and structure in my family to help maintain some level of reason. But too much structure and the unwillingness to give a little can result in a lot of unhappiness and dislike. The more flexibility you have in decision making, for example, the happier your family will be for it. I know I personally love having a say in everything, sometimes even having the last word is all it takes for me to be happy. Imagine one member of the family always thinking they are right and enforcing their way of doing things. Flexibility in the family will certainly ease of a little less unhappiness off and bring out the happiness within. * 2 of my favorite and most important family values are respect and honesty. I swear I cannot stress enough how crazy important these factors are to my parents and although these two are a bit more difficult to define because they hit a ittle more into the heart than others. For my family, to respect each other is to take feelings, thoughts, needs, and preferences in to account when making decisions. It also means acknowledging and valuing everyone’s thoughts, feelings and contributions to the family as a whole. Respect is indeed earned and there is a very fine line between it and fear. The only way to earn and keep someone’s respect is to first show them respect yourself. That is the most important rule in our household. Respect is an important family value will extend out of the home and into school, work or other social settings. Honesty is something I learned the hard way, so many problems entered my life thanks to lack of honesty. This is the foundation of any relationships that are meant to last. Mother-daughter, husband-wife, sister-brother. You name it. Without honesty a deeper connection will not form and certainly won’t last. Encourage honesty by practicing understanding and respect when someone tells you of their wrong doings. If we lose it and get angry when we’re told what has happened the other person will be more likely to hide it from you next time simply to avoid the disrespect. * My parents always taught me to be humble no matter what. Giving without thinking â€Å"what’s in it for me† is an important value for anyone wanting to be a responsible, contributing member to society. Through generosity we build empathy since we tend to think more about what people want or need. Being generous doesn’t mean simply handing over money to someone in need. It can also include giving your time, love, attention or even some of your possessions. Being generous is the same as being humble with other people around you. Respect your elders, always forgive, take responsibility, and give! To gain respect, you must first earn it, in order to earn it, give it! Values are essential to living a happy and meaningful life. It is family members who come to your rescue in the need of hour and stand by you when you feel lonely. They give you mental as well as financial support. You can share your problems if you have any with your family members. So it is family which is more important than anything. So take care of your family, they are all you truly have. A close bond with your family now is a bond that will get stronger as you go. I would never trade my family for anything or anyone in the world. Where ever I go, I’ll make sure they tag along with me.

Qualitative Research Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qualitative Research Analysis - Assignment Example The assignment "Qualitative Research Analysis" talks about the effective analytic tools that can be used for the identification of features that are necessary for qualitative analysis. The interview conducted revealed that education standards are reliant on the ability of university administration to promote higher performance, in education, as well as students input in the process of education. Key issues, which featured here, were university administrators and students. As such, students have to ensure that they improve their individual performance levels to lead to the attainment of better standards in a university. This is necessary for the admission process of students in the university is diversified such that students are admitted from low-grade scores to higher grade scorers. However, both students and university administration have to collaborate in order to ensure that university standards are improved. One of the student’s responses in support of this was: Student: The performance of the university is determined by the individual performance of all students. However, I can argue that the standard of the university is a collaboration of both the administration and the students. The quality of education, which is attained in a university, is also reliant on students’ performance. However, it is complex for one to determine whether one contributes towards the attainment of quality standards in a university. This is because universities tend to associate quality with students performance.

Creativity for busniess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Creativity for busniess - Essay Example The toy operates with a button on its left foot which lead it to ‘dance’. This is made possible through an internal computerised memory which connects to a sensor placed at the foot and the combination of a force to move its head, arms and legs. The product is aesthetically pleasing to children as it represents a character from the popular television program named â€Å"In the Night Garden†. The character wears an extremely bright red blanket and a two-tone blue coat contrasting to each other and its red ‘hair’ and big eyes features especially draw attention from the toddlers. Health and Safety is an essential consideration for children’s toys thus the product is made durable so that it would not break apart or loose bits. However, caution is necessary for toddlers age below 18 months as there are three small red cotton ‘hairs’ which prompt hazards to toddlers who started teething and possibility of choking themselves by placing th e blanket into their mouth. Educational Value:  The toy is educational in relation to the child’s development. It helps in the child’s social and emotional development as the child can imagine the toy ‘talking’ and ‘dancing’ with her and being entertained at the same time. Product 2: Construction Train Set Purpose and Function of the product: This product allows the user to organize role-plays using the train, wooden train tracks and props. The user can build the track themselves and set up the props according to their wish and push the train around the track. The age range the product is suitable for The Early Learning Centre suggests that this product is suitable for children age between 3 to 8 years old as there are small parts which pose choking risk to younger children. Design, quality, durability, usability, visual appeal, health and safety The toy is of top quality ensuring the wooden tracks fit to each other and in perfect shape. The toy operates while the child put the wooden tracks together, set up the props and pushes the toy train on the track. The product is aesthetically pleasing to children as children generally place great interest on transports. The toy has light wood tracks and props with brightly coloured train which bring joy and attention to the children. Health and Safety is critical and the product is designed to be durable so that it would not snap or deform easily. The props are not suitable for children below the recommended age range as younger kids have the tendency of swallowing things. The sharp edges also pose a danger to the kids. Educational Value The educational value associated with this product is that it assists older children to develop their imagination during the role-play. It also enhances the child’s fine motor skills as the child pushes the toy train and having to assemble the tracks themselves. ________________________________________________________________ Our advert isements believe: A strong branding is vital to differentiate the products illustrated above and motivates consumer to purchase the product. In order to establish a robust position of the products in the challenging environment and industry, extensive marketing activities have to be conducted aimed to increase the familiarity of children to the idols related to the product. Kids’ club would be an effective way to get the children involved. Kids clubs organized by retailers, producers and media outlets have been

Report of Air Pollution in Beijing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report of Air Pollution in Beijing - Case Study Example The paper will also go over the essential features and facts regarding the issue; the knowledge that one is required to have in order to understand the issue itself. Keywords: air, pollution, Beijing, China, factors, influences, misconceptions, impressions The Nature and Scope of the Report on Air Pollution in Beijing Pollution is a widespread, global issue that affects humans, plants, and animals alike. It causes issues with individual habitats, evolutionary changes, diseases, illness, and even death. Children learn about the topic of pollution each and every day in school, but in spite of what is learned, the lessons are not fully brought home, and the concept of the planet becoming more and more polluted, and even inhabitable in some cases, is completely lost on the individual, who continues to think of pollution as simply an abstract concept. Yet, for the children, men, and women who live in Beijing, China, the issue is far from an abstract one, as pollution, air pollution specif ically, continues to have lasting and adverse impacts on their day to day lives. Though many Americans are familiar with the concept of air pollution, and how it may have an effect on the environment itself, it is a topic that is hardly ever brought up, except perhaps in the context of whether or not their car is old enough to bypass the emissions check required for newer cars upon their yearly inspection. The American populace may read the occasional article on abc.net.au, or some other such site about the pressing concerns that the air quality in China has forced upon those who live there, however, again, it is an abstract concept, many people having never left the country, and even less who are considered knowledgeable about the cultures, practices, geography, or political climate in China. As such, it could be said that the knowledge of the American populace in regards to matters concerning China, and in regards to issues revolving around air pollution itself is that of limited depth and limited breadth. Due to this lack of knowledge, lack of familiarization with other cultures and countries, and as a result of the nebulous way of viewing the topic of air pollution, it is guaranteed that the American audience will have misconceptions in regards to the topic of air pollution in Beijing. One possible misconception that may arise is the assumption that the government in Beijing works in the same manner as it does here in America due to the fact that they too have a mayor. The associated assumptions that come with this viewpoint will cause the information provided by the mayor on February 10th to be viewed in a different light, making them appear more like empty campaign promises than actual decisive actions that will be taken in order to work to combat this particular issue (Kelly, 2013). In addition, due to the very nature of air pollution in America, and how it is viewed, â€Å"That’s a problem in x city, but it’s not an issue here in my city ,† the reader is likely to take the same cavalier attitude towards the issue, one of out of sight, out of mine; the idea that it is someone else’s problem. Due to this particular type of attitude, misconceptions may arise regarding how severe the particular issue is, and how pertinent it is for others to play their part in correcting the matter; for them to look back at the situation, see the cause and effect process, and be able to then turn and apply those selfsame

Poverty in relation to Child Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty in relation to Child Welfare - Essay Example ldren provided clear resolutions to provide public assistance through financial aid for various individuals and families requiring the support in identified needs. The impetus of federal and state legislators to design social welfare programs stem from the factors contributing to poverty in the United States. Poverty has always been considered a social dilemma afflicting people from diverse backgrounds. It has always been an intriguing and challenging concern due to the multitude of factors that interplay and contribute to its existence. People could be misguided that poverty does not exist in a progressively developed country such as the United States. However, this social stigma pervades people from the lowest income levels despite the economic condition of the country they reside. In this regard, in view of the contention that â€Å"poverty is one of the major risk factors of child abuse and neglect†, the essay aims to provide a brief summary of the history of social welfare programs developed to address the issue of poverty. Likewise, the discourse would seek to identify, from among the proffered programs, the most effective one in alleviating poverty and improving children’s welfare. Poverty is generally defined as â€Å"the state of living in a family with income below the federally defined poverty line† (About.com: Economics, 2010, par. 1). The U.S. Census Bureau (2010) defines poverty, to wit: â€Å"Following the Office of Management and Budgets (OMB) Statistical Policy Directive 14, the Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty.   If a family’s total income is less than the family’s threshold, then that family and every individual in it is considered in poverty.   The official poverty thresholds do not vary geographically, but they are updated for inflation using Consumer Price Index (CPI-U).   The official poverty definition uses money income before taxes and does not

Banking; an ethical dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Banking; an ethical dilemma - Essay Example This paper attempts to discuss the ethical dilemma, which can be faced by any bank in its operational activity, both in the external environment and conflicts of interest arising within the organization. The ethical dilemma that arises within working environment of a bank is more severe, as these systematically weaken the vibrant economic system of a country. The concept of ethical dilemmas had become more pressing during the recent financial crisis, as it was strongly believed that unethical conduct of the financial industry in general and banking in particular, had led to global economic meltdown. The purpose of this paper is to discuss ethical considerations of the banking industry and compliance of the banks to these ethics in order to understand the way banking industry faces the challenges of ethical dilemma. The last section of the paper discusses few of the policy recommendations, which can help to resolve issues of ethical dilemma faced by the banks. A vibrant banking industry is extremely important for proper functioning of an economy. This makes the issue of ethical considerations in banking an extremely relevant topic. Banking sector merely acts as an intermediary between the depositor and creditor. A respectable bank is expected to be honest, exhibit integrity in its transactions, social responsibility, accountability and compliance to promises (Solomon, 1992). The ethical dilemma for banks arises because they have to work in grey area of ethics and often under high level of pressure. Sometimes, in order to gain financial benefits, banks often end up making decisions that undermines ethical issues, which is the root cause of the problem. There have been numerous cases where banks have been involved in scandals revolving around acceptance of bribes, advancing loans to unfit customers and lending to connected parties, which may be considered as unethical on part of the bank. In a research conducted by Carse

Literacy in America Essay Example for Free

Literacy in America Essay America, the most technologically advanced and affluent of all nations on the earth, seems to have an increasingly larger illiteracy rate every year. This has become and continues to be a critical problem throughout our society as we know it. According to the National Adult Literacy survey, 42 million adult Americans cant read; 50 million are limited to a 4th or 5th grade reading level; one in every four teenagers drops out of high school, and of the students who graduate, one in every four has around an 8th grade education. Why? You ask. This problem will never fix itself and will take quite a bit of time to overcome. We need to make sure that everyone is aware of the social problems, poverty and lack of family interaction that occurs everyday in many, if not all, communities throughout America. â€Å"Nearly a billion people, two-thirds of them women, will enter this world unable to read a book or write their names, warns UNICEF in a new report, The State of the Worlds Children 1999. UNICEF, the United Nations Childrens Fund, points out that the illiterate live in more desperate poverty and poorer health than those who can read and write. (Boaz). The most important factor that contributes to the outrageous statistics of illiteracy is that of poverty. Poverty is an issue that more and more of our nations children are coming face to face with and the price they must pay is unbelievably high. Poverty is considered a major at-risk factor (Leroy 2001). The term at-risk refers to children who are likely to fail whether it 2 be at school or life in general because of their lifes social circumstances. Some of the factors that may place these children at-risk are: dangerous neighborhoods; young, uneducated parents; unemployment; and inadequate educational experiences. Teachers need to be aware of the circumstances that their students face and be able and ready to help these children find a balance between the cultural values that they may have and values emphasized in school. By providing emotional support, modeling, and other forms of scaffolding, teachers can help students use their strengths, skills, and knowledge to develop and learn ( Marlowe and Page,9). The United States prides itself on being a free, democratic state. Jonathan Kozol’s essay â€Å"The Human Cost of an Illiterate Society† states that the United States is not the democracy it claims to be. For democracy to work at its best, a true representation of the common interests and how the majority feels about those interests must be in place. According to Kozol, about â€Å"60 million people in the United States are illiterate. † For the United States to be the self-functioning democratic state it proclaims to be, it has to be a literate society. The people of the United States are not part of a democracy without the full capacity to make informed choices, and furthermore cannot reap the benefits that a democratic society has to offer if the best interests of the majority are not represented. Direct quote #2 (Madison)with signal phrase. Hypo-thetical example James Madison wrote that a â€Å"people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power knowledge gives. A popular government without popular information or the means of acquiring it is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy, or perhaps both† (Surowiecki, page 4). Voting is by far the most important aspect of a democratic society, and the percentage of people who do vote is a topic of much discussion here in the United States. If the number of people not voting is such a significant concern then the reasons they are not voting is 3 as well. An uneducated vote is not any better than a vote not cast at all. Imagine going to a voting booth and voting for a person or a ballot measure based on the ads you see on the TV only. In this circumstance, decisions are often made based on the negative ideas offered by both major political parties. If 60 million people in the United States cannot read, then they cannot cast a vote truly representative of their opinions. As Kozol claims, the United States has in fact become a government â€Å"of those two thirds whose wealth, skin color, or parental privilege allows them opportunity to profit from the provocation and instruction of the written word† (Kozol). The percentage of the population that is illiterate cannot choose which candidates make it onto the ballots, they cannot sign petitions, and they cannot choose which measures will pass or those that will fail. Direct quote #3 (Kozal), with signal phrase e. Of equal importance to a democratic society are the benefits that literacy provides to the public. When one is illiterate they are not able to reap the benefits of a free society. The freedom to choose enhances one’s chances of experiencing the best of anything. Illiteracy makes for a life of settling. An illiterate person has to settle for another’s interpretations of the world. According to the article ‘Democracy 101,† the ability to read opens a world that many people do not consider. The choice of where to live, what to eat, and where to work may all seem commonplace to the average literate person. Kozol uses the warning on a can of Drano in the opening of this essay to educate. It may take a moment for it to sink in but the reader will soon realize how much power reading and writing holds. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are supposed to be guaranteed to all citizens of this country. Those that cannot read or write do not have the capability to choose who are the best people suited for ensuring those rights. Perhaps more importantly the 60 million illiterate people in this country cannot make the choices necessary to make use of those rights (Kozol). References Boaz, David. Illiteracy The Bad News and the Good. Cato Institute. 20 Jan. 1999. Kim, J. K. NRRF Illiteracy: An Incurable Disease or Education Malpractice? Kozol, Jonathan, Illiteracy: The Enduring Problem. . Leroy. The Effects of Poverty on Teaching and Learning. 2001 Surowiecki, James. The Dangers of Financial Illiteracy in America. The New Yorker.